ACTIVE VOCABULARY

Read and learn the following words and word combinations:

require требовать
utilize потреблять
process процесс
enzyme фермент
protein белок
carbohydrate углевод

fat жир
amino – acid аминокислота
repair восстановление
starchy содержащий крахмал
glucose глюкоза
perform осуществлять
diary молочный
layer слой

15. beneath под, ниже

16. sourceисточник

insulation изоляция
juice сок
sweat пот

20. daily ежедневно

DIGESTION

For life to continue, the body requires fuel in the form of oxygen and food.

Respiration provides the oxygen. Our food, however, cannot be utilized by the body in the form in which it is eaten. It must be specially processed by the body before it can be of any use. This special processing is known as digestion. It is brought about by the action on the food of certain substances called enzymes which are made by the body and mixed with the food during its passage through the body.

The food we eat consists of protein, carbohydrate and fat. It also contains small quantities of vitamins and minerals.

Proteins are found in meat, fish, eggs, milk and cheese. They are broken down into amino – acids during digestion. Protein is necessary for cell growth and repair.

Carbohydrates are found in sweet and starchy foods such as sugar, flour and potatoes.

They are broken down into glucose during digestion. Carbohydrates provide body cells with the energy required to perform their functions.

Fats are found in meat, fish, dairy products and vegetable oils. The digestive process breaks them down to fatty acids. Fats provide energy and body fat, which is stored in a layer beneath the skin. It acts as a reserve source of energy when needed, and also as insulation which helps maintain body temperature in cold weather.

The body required water for the production of blood, digestive juices, urine and sweat. Many foods contain a large quantity of water but it is still necessary to drink more than a liter of fluid daily.

NOTES

1. for life to continue – для поддержания жизни

2. in the form in which it is eaten – в том виде, котором мы ее потребляем

3. before it can be of any use – перед тем как ее использовать

4. to be broken down – расщепляться

5. to be stored in a layer beneath the skin – накапливаться в подкожном слое

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