Vocabulary notes

(un)familiar to – (не)відомий, (не)знайомий

call attention to – привертати увагу до

from (someone’s) point of view – з (чиєїсь) точки зору

influence of something on something – вплив чогось на щось

III. Use the phrases from vocabulary notes in the sentences of your own

IV. Complete the following sentences using the information from the text

1. It was only in the 20^th century that …

2. The word “ecology” originates …

3. Cooperation between plant and animal ecologists started after …

4. Mathematical basis for populations studies…

5. V.C. Wynne-Edwards studied…

6. The concept of trophic levels is concerned with…

7. The idea of primary production…

8. The development of new techniques facilitated…

9. Any ecosystem includes…

10. The population that has reached the limit in a certain ecosystem…

V. Answer the questions

1. What kinds of ecological problems can you name?

2. What is environment from the ecological point of view?

3. How do you understand the definition of ecology as “the economy of nature”?

4. In what directions did ecology develop in the first half of the 20^th century?

5. What is systems ecology?

6. What are the main characteristics of an ecosystem?

7. How do human activities influence the tendency of ecosystems to maturity?

VI. Look for the synonyms of the following words in the text “Ecology”

1) create, invent; 2) constitution, makeup; 3) accentuate, stress; 4) impulse, stimulus; 5) keep up, sustain; 6) full development;

7) intervening, invading; 8) delay, hold off; 9) devolution, downgrade, weakening; 10) disorder; sickness; 11) competition, rivalry.

VII. Use the words and expressions from the previous exercise to fill in the gaps in the sentences below

1. It is possible that the deletion is ________ upon an important part of the protein and altering the conformation of the complex.

2. The report ________ the importance of improving safety standards.

3. Eight years of ethnic ________ devastated the country.

4. The discovery gave fresh ________ to the research.

5. The word 'aromatherapy' was ________ in the 1920s.

6. It is important to ________ a constant temperature inside the greenhouse.

7. Several of today's football games have been ________ because of heavy snow.

8. More recent studies have shown that hepatic denervation causes significant changes in the biliary lipid ________.

9. Childhood ________ such as measles and chickenpox are highly contagious.

10. The fur industry is already seeing a major ________ in sales.

11. Sharks take 10 years to reach ________.

FOCUS ON GRAMMAR

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II. Read the following text paying attention to the highlighted words. Explain or interpret the contextual meaning of the underlined phrases	\|	I. Choose the appropriate word

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