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II. Listen again. Choose the right option to complete the following sentences. In some cases more than one option is possible

1. Ecological succession takes place when…

a) humans start exploiting an existing ecological system;

b) an unpopulated territory is colonized by living organisms;

c) a destroyed ecosystem starts to develop anew.

2. The growth phase of an ecosystem’s development is characterized by…

a) high stability and high productivity;

b) low stability and high productivity;

c) low productivity and high stability.

3. A great diversity of species and complex food webs are characteristic of …

a) an ecosystem of an early stage;

b) a mature ecosystem;

c) a climax phase of an ecosystem’s development.

4. To obtain an optimal result from agricultural use of an ecosystem we should…

a) maintain the latter in the immature phase;

b) combine the features of both early and mature ecosystems;

c) intensify production by applying fertilizers.

5. By adding energy to the ecosystem in the short run we

a) increase the crops’ resistance to plant diseases;

b) can make its exploitation more efficient;

c) risk to destroy it in the long run by accumulating pollutants.

6. The idea of the mutual dependence between the society and the nature…

a) was first developed in the late 19^th century;

b) was expressed in the works of ancient philosophers;

c) was rejected by religion.

7. Nowadays systems ecology plays the key role in

a) monitoring the effects of human agricultural and industrial activities on the environment;

b) intensifying agricultural production;

c) providing the sound management of natural resources.

8. The development of recycling techniques …

a) is systems ecology’s main concern;

b) will play an important role in the economy of the future;

c) may help decrease the negative impact of human activities on the nature.

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