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II. Reconstruct the following text using the words from the box to fill in the blanks. What do you think about extraterrestrial life?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a (1)_________ in molecular biology by which a small fragment of (2)_________ can be rapidly cloned, or (3)_________, to produce multiple DNA (4)_________. PCR can be used to (5)_________ individuals from minute amounts of tissue or (6)_________, to diagnose genetic (7)_________, and to (8)_________ evolution.

PCR proceeds in a series of (9)_________, or rounds. Each successive (10)_________ doubles the amount of DNA and thus more than 1 billion copies of a single DNA (11)_________ can be made in just a few hours. Performed in a test (12)_________, PCR mirrors the way in which DNA is (13)_________ within a cell. To perform PCR, scientists isolate the piece of DNA to be amplified ((14)_________) in a test tube and heat it to separate the two (15)_________ of the molecule. As cooling occurs, short pieces of DNA called (16)_________ are added to the test tube. The primers attach to each strand, marking the (17)_________ that will be cloned. Free-floating nucleotides and an (18)_________ called DNA polymerase are then added to the mixture. DNA polymerase uses the free-floating (19)_________ to build a (20)_________ copy of each amplified DNA segment, resulting in two new double-stranded DNA molecules. Each cycle of (21)_________ and cooling doubles the amount of the desired DNA fragment in the (22)_________ tube. In a matter of hours, scientists can obtain millions of copies of a desired (23)_________ of DNA. PCR enables scientists to (24)_________ traces of DNA found at a crime scene or in a fossil animal to produce (25)_________ quantities to study.

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