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• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

Find other noun combinations and translate them. Give examples of your own.

GRAMMAR: VERB+ing

B. What are the main forms of the verb? Study these uses of verb+ing and translate the examples from the text.

* 1. Many verbs are followed by ‘-ing’ form.

Verbs of liking and disliking

I don’t mind telling you.

Verbs of saying and thinking

Can you imagine buying that car!

Other common verbs

Avoid giving any unnecessary data.

Common phrasal verbs

They kept on working for a while.

Some common phrases

I can’t help worrying.

NB With the verbs underlined we can also put an object before the ‘–ing’ form.

Can you imagine Helen buying that car!

2. Sometimes we need to decide whether to use a verb in its ‘-ing’ form (doing, working) or infinitive(to do, to work).

The –ing form focuses on:

a) an action or state before the action of the first verb.

He finished doing her accounts yesterday.

b) the activity itself. The second verb functions like a noun.

He recommends selling shares now.

The to-infinitive form focuses on:

a) a purpose

She wishes to ask you a favour.

b) a future situation

They are planning to launch a new project.

3. Some verbs can be followed by either ‘–ing’ form or an infinitive.

I love meeting people. = I love to meet new people.

NB The underlined verbs can be followed by either ‘–ing’ form or an infinitive but the meanings are very different!!!

They stopped making fax machines.(finish an action)

We stopped to get petrol.(finish one action in order to do another one)

C. Look at the italicized words in the sentences below and say what the ways of using “verb+ing” are? Translate these sentences.

1)The UK is steadily moving towards the formation of a knowledge-based economy focusing on high technology, flexible workforce and innovative work solutions. 2) More than 25 percent of entrepreneurs established financial companies, dealing in public shares and bonds. 3) The business and financial services include the trading, investment and real estate sector. 5) This business offers more freedom in making company policies. 6) Processing raw materials is the field of the manufacturing sector.7) Revenues have stopped coming in.8) The English dislike people asking them what they earn.

D. Make up ‘-ing’ clauses.

1) The UK is steadily moving towards the formation of a knowledge-based economy that focuses on high technology, flexible workforce and innovative work solutions.

2) A business plan is a communication tool for entrepreneurs who start a new company or establish a new line of business in an existing company.

3) Statistics indicate that the UK health industry which includes the pharmaceutical industry accounts for more than 48 percent of the gross domestic product.

4) While he testified to the Senate Finance Committee, US trade representative said about broader institutional reforms at the WTO.

5) When people consume goods and services, they provide a basis for further production.

6) Most people who own a house have a mortgage.

E. Open the brackets using an ‘-ing’ form or infinitive.

1) I’m still looking for a job but I hope (find) something soon.

2) They risk (lose) business to their competitors.

3) Please don’t forget (send) the samples.

4) He denies (pass on) any trade secrets.

5) They are planning (launch) a new line of clothes.

6) Does your job involve (meet) a lot of people?

7) They agreed (lend) me some money.

8) We should start (build) partnerships today.

C. Study some other ways of using Verb+ing. Translate the examples.

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