• Гідрологія і Гідрометрія
• Господарське право
• Економіка будівництва
• Економіка природокористування
• Економічна теорія
• Земельне право
• Історія України
• Кримінально виконавче право
• Медична радіологія
• Методи аналізу
• Міжнародне приватне право
• Міжнародний маркетинг
• Основи екології
• Предмет Політологія
• Соціальне страхування
• Технічні засоби організації дорожнього руху
• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

Old English Consonant System

§ 146. Table 9 shows the system of OE consonants in the 9thand 10th c.

The system consisted of several correlated sets of consonants. All the consonants fell into noise consonants and sonorants. The noise con­sonants were subdivided into plosives and fricatives; plosives were further differentiated as voiced and voiceless, the difference being pho­nemic. The fricative consonants were also subdivided into voiced and voiceless; in this set, however, sonority was merely a phonetic difference between allophones. Cf. OE pin — bin, where the difference in sonority is phonemically relevant (NE pin, bin)and OE hlāf [f] — hlāford [v] where the difference is positional: the consonant is voiced intervocally and voiceless finally (incidentally, voiced and voiceless fricatives were not distinguished in OE spelling). The opposition of palatal and velar lingual consonants [k] — [k'], [g] — [g'] had probably become pho­nemic by the time of the earliest written records (see § 141). (Some schol­ars include in the system one more palatal consonant: [sk], spelt as sc, e. g. OE scip (NE ship); others treat it as a sequence of two sounds [s'] and [k'] until Early ME when they fused into a single sibilant [ʃ].) It is noteworthy that among the OE consonants there were few sibi­lants and no affricates.

Table 9

Old English Consonants

§ 147.The most universal distinctive feature in the consonant sys­tem was the difference in length. During the entire OE period long con­sonants are believed to have been opposed to short ones on a phonem­ic level; they were mostly distinguished in intervocal position. Sin­gle and geminated (long) consonants are found in identical phonetic conditions. Cf. OE lǣde — 1st p. sg Pres. of lǣdan (NE lead)and lǣdde (Past); OE sticca (NE stick) — stica (Gen. case pl of OE stice, NE stitch). In final position the quantitative opposition was irrelevant and the second letter, which would indicate length, was often lacking, e. g. OE man and eal are identical to mann, eall (NE man, all).

Читайте також:

1. A survive the education system
2. A. What countries is English the first language? Match English-speaking countries with their national flags and capitals.
3. An Extract from the Late Middle English works criticizing the Church
4. Ask your friend questions in English about their content. Summarize his/her answers.
5. B) Argue the pros and cons of: 1. Tutorial system. 2. Students' uniform. 3. Residential colleges.
6. CAD SYSTEM FOR METAL CUTTING CHARTS
7. Changes of Short Vowels in Early New English
8. Changes of Stressed Vowels in Early Old English
9. Changes of Unstressed Vowels in Early Old English
10. CLASS SYSTEM
11. CLASSIFICATION OF APPLIED LINGUISTIC SYSTEMS
12. CLASSIFICATIONS OF ENGLISH COMPOUNDS

Переглядів: 4665