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System of Vowels in Late Middle English

§ 382. To sum up the results of Early ME vowel changes the system of vowels in Late ME is given in Table 4.

Table 4

Middle English Vowels (the Age of Chaucer, Late 14th c.)

As seen from the table, the system of vowels in Late ME was nolonger symmetrical. The OE balance of long and short vowels had been disrupted and was never restored again. Correlation through quantity can no more be regarded as the basis ofphonemic oppositions in the vowel system. Moreover, the very character of quantitative differences between the vowels is believed to have been considerably altered. Some phoneticians define the new differences between the former long and short vowels as "lax" versus "tense", others interpret their correlations as oppositions of "contact", in which the short vowels are "checked" and the long vowels are "free". (In these new relationships the long vowels constituted the "unmarked member" of the opposition, which favoured the growth of new "free" members — long monophthongs and diphthongs (V.Plotkin).

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