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D. Grammar Expansion: Suppositional meaning: Can, Could

To express doubt, surprise we use “can” and “could” in questions. “Could” implies more uncertainty but not the past activity:

- Can (could) it be true?

- Could he have said it?

Improbability and disbelief are expressed by “can” in negative sentences in the same way as in questions. “Could” sounds less categorical and implies greater doubt.

- He can’t be so old.

- She couldn’t have been studying since 12.

Express strong disbelief about the statements made in the following negative sentences. Express negation by means of the words given in brackets.

Model: He didn’t notice you (fail). – Can he have failed to notice you? (Неужели он тебя не заметил?) – He couldn’t have failed to notice you. (Не мог он не заметить тебя)

1. There is no equal income distribution within each country (unequal).

2. They didn’t influence the way to allocate resources in the economy (fail).

3. Payments from social security funds are not important contribution to household incomes (unimportant).

4. She didn’t receive wage for her work (no wage, fail).

5. Such a policy didn’t overcome the limitations in the economy (never, manage).

6. Present day economists do not distinguish profit from rent (no economists, fail).

7. Most Western economies haven’t reached considerable production growth due to tax cuts (fail).

8. It is not necessary nowadays for markets to be located in any particular place (unnecessary).

Making suggestions with “Could” and “Should”

Take any information you need from the text as well as generate ideas of your own. Make suggestions about how the process of recycling can be improved.

You may begin like this:

Producers could rethink the industrial process.

Householders should produce less rubbish.

Local authorities could increase recycling collections.

Designers should focus on the entire life – cycle of a product.

V. Listening and watching. CCS Technology.

Visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xkbkphayxM, find a special video report “CCS Technology”.

A. Watch the report and answer the questions below:

1. Explain the abbreviation CCS.

2. How can harmful emissions be cut? What for?

3. What do the specialists aim to test on CCS facilities?

4. Are any substitutes for fossil fuel available to humanity?

5. What is the main issue of establishing the plants?

6. Why were similar projects cancelled in America?

7. Why does Norway have to run such projects?

8. Whose joint efforts are being made to raise funds for the project?

9. What could facilitate the process?

10. Could you name the figures regarding construction plans and benefits from CCS technology?

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