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B. Grammar Expansion: Participles (Participle I, Participle II) used as an attribute.

In this function Participle I :

· can precede a noun or follow it: growing concerns; firms operating in stable markets;

· is used only in non-perfect active form: industries producing chemicals (производящие); flourishing business (процветающий).

· can’t be used to denote priority. We use an attributive clause instead. Compare:

The plant introducing (внедряющий) the new technology scores high.

The plant that introduced (внедривший) the new technology scored high.

In this function Participle II:

· may precede or follow the noun modified: the story told by an old man; the fallen tree;

· corresponds to the Russian passive participle;

· is unchangeable.

C. Choose Participle I or Participle II:

1. The figures (showing / shown) the difference between regions are valuable.

2. Investments (forming / formed) share capital are on the rise.

3. The company encourages customers (chosen / choosing) the cheapest products.

4. Taxes (imposing / imposed) on products are direct taxes.

5. Data (transmitted / transmitting) during the flight are recorded on magnetic tape.

6. The farm (bought / buying) by the Smiths is quite isolated.

7. The economist investigates the factors (affecting / affected) the distribution of resources.

8. The goods (demanding / demanded) by buyers are scarce.

9. Rival firms (providing / provided) rail services could mean that two or more systems of rail are laid.

10. The decision (taken / taking) by many firms can lead to a recession.

11. The economy (allowing / allowed) individuals to make economic choices is a free market economy.

12. A situation of (declining / declined) exports and (increasing / increased) imposed will lower the level of activity in the economy.

D. Use the participles given in brackets as attributes:

(rising, growing, delivered, trusted, done, tempting, published, speaking, narrowing, dedicated)

1. A __________ market, the strength of the dollar suggests hopes for further growth.

2. A deal is needed on the conditions under which countries may be paid to decrease the damage ___________ to their forests.

3. There are Chinese - ______ stuff on the peak, and a Chinese restaurant.

4. Food stamps, ________ in the form of debit cards, are available for any household.

5. A report on national security ____________ last month listed uncontrolled immigration.

6. In the first test they offered a ___________ array of 24 different jams to taste.

7. __________ number of Chinese graduates aspire to join China’s massive bureaucracy.

8. The 2006 Bain study suggested that _________ choice can boost revenues by 5-10% and cut costs by 10-35%.

9. There has been a recognizable PR industry __________ to shaping the representation of clients in the media.

10. The public’s first impulse is usually to follow a _________ leader rather than consider the facts.

Читайте також:

1. A SIMPLE CONTEXT-FREE GRAMMAR
2. A) Participle I.
3. C. Grammar Expansion: Modal verbs
4. C. Grammar Expansion: Modal verbs: the past.
5. C. Grammar Expansion: Modals verbs of certainty, probability, possibility
6. Combating Smuggling. Grammar: Phrasal Verbs
7. Customs’ IPR Enforcement. Grammar: PhrasalVerbs
8. D. Grammar Expansion: Suppositional meaning: Can, Could
9. D. Grammar Expansion: The Gerund: its forms and functions.
10. E. Change the sentences using both Participles attributively.
11. Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences paying attention to Participle Constructions in different syntactic functions.

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