• Гідрологія і Гідрометрія
• Господарське право
• Економіка будівництва
• Економіка природокористування
• Економічна теорія
• Земельне право
• Історія України
• Кримінально виконавче право
• Медична радіологія
• Методи аналізу
• Міжнародне приватне право
• Міжнародний маркетинг
• Основи екології
• Предмет Політологія
• Соціальне страхування
• Технічні засоби організації дорожнього руху
• Товарознавство продовольчих товарів

Exercise 11. In the table below you will find some idioms and their explanations. Do you have similar expressions in Russian? Make up sentences to use some of the idioms.

Exercise 12. Complete the sentences with the idioms from the previous exercise. Mind the forms of the verbs.

1. Some people think that any government that tries to stop people from taking illegal drugs _______________.

2. Before China can obtain the large loan desired by the Nationalist Government for purposes of reconstruction and modernization, she must _______________ the Powers regarding old debts.

3. Should the government warn the public of terrorist threats, or ___ this merely __________?

4. All independent members __________ to the transaction last week.

5. He played a key role in ___________ between management and the unions.

6. It also allowed the government to get a search warrant and to carry out a controlled delivery that __________ the woman with the counterfeit goods _____________.

7. She ___________ for a subject they could discuss without an argument.

8. We strongly support these provisions and _____________ the Committee's ___________ to ensure that these measures are enacted this session.

9. She was determined _____________ of what went wrong.

10. Things are beginning to cost more and more. It looks like we'll all have to ____________.

Exercise 13.Work alone.Watch some students’ presentations or videos devoted to the WTO and make an outline about the 10 benefits of the WTO trading system. Compare your list with other students’.

Exercise 14.With the help of a dictionary find out the meaning of the word umbrella from the following context: “The basic structure of the WTO agreements: how the six main areas fit together — the umbrella WTO Agreement, goods, services, intellectual property, disputes and trade policy reviews”.

What other words can be useful when speaking about International Agreements? Give your examples.

Exercise 15.On the site below watch the video and make your comments on it. Explore this page to find out more about the work of the WTO, opportunities for students and young professionals, and how trade is relevant to you and your country: http://www.wto.org/english/forums_e/students_e/students_e.htm

Prepare to talk about it.

Exercise 16. Do you know what common misunderstandings about the WTO are? Is it a dictatorial tool of the rich and powerful? Does it destroy jobs? Does it ignore the concerns of health, the environment and development? Think of these questions before reading the text.

PART III

Criticisms of the WTO are often based on fundamental misunderstandings of the way the WTO works.

The debate will probably never end. People have different views of the pros and cons of the WTO’s “multilateral” trading system. Indeed, one of the most important reasons for having the system is to serve as a forum for countries to thrash out their differences on trade issues. Individuals can participate, not directly, but through their governments.

However, it is important for the debate to be based on a proper understanding of how the system works. Here are the 10 common misunderstandings:

1. The WTO dictates policy;

2. The WTO is for free trade at any cost;

3. Commercial interests take priority over development …

4. … and over the environment;

5. … and over health and safety;

6. The WTO destroys jobs, worsens poverty;

7. Small countries are powerless in the WTO;

8. The WTO is the tool of powerful lobbies;

9. Weaker countries are forced to join the WTO;

10. The WTO is undemocratic.

It took Russia 18 years to complete the accession process. In his welcoming speech in 2011 Pascal Lamy, the then director-general of the World Trade Organization, said, “Joining the WTO will create new market opportunities for Russian businesses. Those businesses will very soon operate in a more predictable and transparent commercial environment than in the past. No longer can governments discriminate against Russian exports or arbitrarily raise access barriers to their markets. Should Russia feel its rights or interests have been compromised, WTO membership provides a trusted mechanism for defending those rights and interests. Importantly, Russia's population of nearly 150 million will gain significantly through lower prices and a greater selection of available goods and services.

Membership in the WTO will also make Russia a more attractive location for foreign investment. In applying WTO rules, Russia becomes a better place to do business. Foreign investors know this and have always viewed WTO membership as an internationally recognized quality seal of approval”.

Exercise 17. Lookat the highlighted expressions in the text. Which of them mean the same?

a) a good opinion of someone or something

b) to put obstacles in one’s way

c) clear and easy to understand conditions

d) to discuss something until you find a solution or reach an agreement

e) the advantages and disadvantages of something

f) a reliable system for achieving a result

g) a better place to spend money.

Exercise 18.Go to the official website of the WTO to find this booklet. Choose any point of the 10 misunderstandings and prepare to talk about it in more detail in class.

http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/10mis_e/10m00_e.htm

Exercise 19. Read the following text. Make up the list of key words necessary to talk about Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, or APEC, is the premier forum for facilitating economic growth, cooperation, trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region.

APEC is an intergovernmental grouping that operates on the basis of non-binding commitments, open dialogue and equal respect for the views of all participants. Unlike the WTO or other multilateral trade bodies, APEC has no treaty obligations required of its participants. Decisions made within APEC are reached by consensus and commitments are undertaken on a voluntary basis.

APEC has 21 members - referred to as "member economies" - which account for approximately 40 percent of the world's population, approximately 55 percent of world GDP and about 44 percent of world trade. These Member Economies are Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; People's Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Korea; Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; The Republic of the Philippines; The Russian Federation; Singapore; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; The United States of America; Viet Nam.

Since its inception, in 1989, APEC has worked to reduce tariffs and other trade barriers across the Asia-Pacific region, creating efficient domestic economies and dramatically increasing exports. Key to achieving APEC's vision are what are referred to as the 'Bogor Goals' of free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific by 2010 for industrialized economies and 2020 for developing economies. These goals were adopted by Leaders at their 1994 meeting in Bogor, Indonesia.

Free and open trade and investment helps economies to grow, creates jobs and provides greater opportunities for international trade and investment. In contrast, protectionism keeps prices high and fosters inefficiencies in certain industries. Free and open trade helps to lower the costs of production and thus reduces the prices of goods and services - a direct benefit to all.

APEC also works to create an environment for the safe and efficient movement of goods, services and people across borders in the region through policy alignment and economic and technical cooperation.

Exercise 20. Learn more about some related topics, such as APEC and Food Security, Energy, Human Security, and others on the site

http://www.apec.org/about-us/about-apec.aspx or http://www.youtube.com/

Prepare to talk about what you’ve learnt.

Exercise 21.Write an essayon one of the following topics:

1) The weighty matters of international economic cooperation.

2) The importance of International Agreements.

3) The heavyweights of the multilateral trade bodies.

4) The vital principles of the GATT.

5) Pros and cons of the WTO.

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