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The non-finite fofms of the verb in OE and their futher development.

In OE there were 2 non-finite forms of the verbs:

1. The inf had no verbal gr categories. Being a verbal noun by origine, it had a sort of reduced case-system. Like the Dat. – with ‘to’ could be used to indicate the direction/ purpose of an action.

2. The Part I was opposed to Part II through voice and tense distinction. Part I was formed from the Pres tense stem with the suffix –ende. Part II had stem of its own – in strong verb.

ME and NE:

1. The Inf lost its inflected form in early NE. The prep ‘to’ last its preposition force and changed into a formal sign of the Inf.

2. The distinction between 2 Part were preserved in ME and Ne. Part I had an active meaning and express a simultaneous action, Part II had a passive meaning and express a prior action.

3.the development of the Gerund.

The formation of the national E language. The London dialect.

The formation of the national literary English covers the Early NE period.

Factors that influenced:

a. The unification of the country and the progress of the culture;

b. Increased foreign contacts influenced the grouth of the vocabulary.

The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

Latin invention of printing → spreading of written form of English.

Early NE → Renaissance: Shakespeare, Thomas More. The end of the 17^th cent. – books and dictionaries.

In the18th cent the speech of educated people differed from that of common people: 1) pronunciation; 2) choice of words; 3) grammar.

By the end of the 18^th cent the speech may be regarded as completed for new , it possessed both a written and spoken standart.

The history of London dialect reveals the sources of literary language in late ME. The London dialect fundamentally East Saxon.

ME division → LD belonged to the S. Western dial. group.

12-13^th S. West. districts – “Black Death” → new arrivals from the East Midland → London dialect became more Anglian.

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