Text A. Types of Buildings

1. The majority of buildings may be divided into classes according to the manner of their construction, use, or occupancy. The following devision into classes according to the manner of construction has to be applied.

1. Frame construction.

2. Nonfireproof constructions:

(a) Ordinary construction;

(b) Slow-burning construction.

3. Fireproof construction.

2. Frame construction embraces all buildings which must have exterior walls of wooden framework sheathed with wood shingles or siding; veneered with brick, stone, or terra cotta; or covered with stucco or sheet metal. Such buildings naturally have floors and partitions of wood and are considered as comprising the most inflammable type of construction.

3. Nonfireproof construction includes all buildings with exterior walls of masonry but with wood floor construction and partitions. Slow-burning construction designates heavy timber framing designed as far as possible to be fire resistant, the heavy beams and girders of large dimension proving far less inflammable than the slender joists of ordinary construction.

4. Fireproof construction includes all buildings which must be constructed of incombustible material throughout, with floors of iron, steel, or reinforced concrete beams, filled in between with terra cotta or other masonry arches or with concrete slabs. Wood may be used only for under and upper floors, window and door frames, sash, doors, and interior finish. In buildings of great height the flooring must be of incombustible material and the sash, doors, frames, and interior finish of metal. Wire glass is used in the windows, and all structural and reinforced steel must be surrounded with fireproof material, such as hollow terra cotta and gypsum tile to protect the steel from the weakening effect of great heat.

4. Are these statements true or false? If they are false, say why. Use the following phrases:

I can’t agree to this statement because…

Just the contrary…

I think…

To my mind…

1. There are several principles of dividing buildings into classes.

2. There are four classes of buildings according to the manner of construction.

3. Frame construction buildings are considered to be the most fireproof.

4. Wood floor and partitions are typical for fireproof construction.

5. Fireproof construction includes all buildings constructed of incombustible materials.

6. In buildings of great height the flooring, doors, frames, and interior finish are made from wood.

5. Study the text and answer the following questions:

1. What kind of buildings does frame construction embrace?

2. Does nonfireproof construction include buildings with exterior walls of wooden framework sheathed with wood shingles?

3. Is heavy timber framing connected in any way with slow-burning construction?

4. Can you say what is meant by ordinary construction?

5. Why is fireproof construction so important to man?

6. Must the flooring be of incombustible material in buildings of great height?

7. Where is wire glass used?

6. For each definition choose a word from the left column:

1.	girder	1.	a lower surface of a room.
2.	fireproof	2.	a basic rigid supporting structure of anything.
3.	shingle	3.	regular, normal, customary, usual.
4.	floor	4.	taking relatively long time to do a thing.
5.	ordinary	5.	a rectangular wooden tile used on roofs, spires or walls.
6.	slow	6.	a large iron or steel beam for bearing loads.
7.	frame	7.	able to resist fire or great heat.

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