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Replacements of sentence types

The usual types of replacements are the substitution of a simple sentence by a complex one and vice versa; of the principal clause by a subordinate one and vice versa; the replacement of subordination by coordination and vice versa; the replacement of asyndeton by polysyndeton and vice versa. These kinds of replacements are often caused by the existence of various complexes and structures in the English language, e.g.

I saw him cross the street and buy a newspaper.

Я бачив, як він перейшов вулицю і купив газету.

A simple sentence is replaced by a complex one.

Marsel Daussault, the airplane manufacturer who is said to be the richest man in France had defrauded the government of $ 300 million in taxes.

Марсель Дассо, власник автобудівельної компанії, котрий, як кажуть, є найзаможнішою людиною у Франції, обікрав уряд, не сплативши 300 мільйонів доларів податків.

Simple sentences containing infinitive complexes are usually translated by complex sentences.

A simple sentence with an absolute participle or a nominative absolute construction is usually rendered by a subordinate or coordinate complex sentence.

Withthe fog rolling away and the sun shining out of a sky of icy blue the trevellers started on the leg of their climb. (Trevanian)

Коли туман піднявся і сонце засяяло на холодному блакитному небі, альпіністи почали останній етап свого підйому.

It should also be noted that the type of the subordinate clause may be changed on the strength of usage.

She glanced at Brendon, where he sat on a chair across her. (W.Deeping).

Вона подивилася на Брендона, котрий сидів на стільці проти неї.

The adverb “where” probably does not function here as an adverb of place but rather as a word qualifying the sitter.

Apart from replacing a simple sentence by a subordinated or coordinated complex sentence it can also be replaced by two or more simple sentences. It is especially practiced in the translation of the so-called “leads”. A lead is the first sentence of news-in-brief which contains the main point of the information. It usually coincides with the first paragraph and is usually divided into two or more sentences in translation.

Thousands of Algerians tonight fled from the “dead city” of Orleanswille after a twelve-second earthquake had ripped through central Algeria, killing an estimated 1,100 people.

1. Тисячі мешканців тікали сьогодні вночі з „мертвого міста” Орлеанвіля, рятуючись від землетрусу, що тривав дванадцять секунд.

2. Землетрус стався у центральних районах Алжиру.

3. За попередніми даними загинуло 1.100 чоловік.

On the other hand a complex sentence may by replaced by a simple one.

It was at the 5^th Congress that the Great Russian writer Maxim Gorky met Lenin for the first time.

Великий російський письменник Максим Горький вперше зустрівся з Леніним на 5 з’їзді партії.

He could not say anything unless he was prompted. (Taylor Caldwell).

Без підказки він не міг і слова промовити.

Читайте також:

1. B. Complex Sentence
2. Classification of phraseological units and their structural types.
3. Combine the following words into sentences.
4. Complete the sentences with the correct word in brackets.
5. Ex. 3. Are these sentences true or false in your understanding? Correct the false ones.
6. Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences paying attention to Participle Constructions in different syntactic functions.
7. IV Analyze verb-forms and translate the following sentences. Match the verb-forms with their tenses in Active or Passive Voice.
8. Lesson 30 Types of Combat
9. Look at this form of a music collection. Label the data types with words from B opposite.
10. Replacements
11. The Types of Managers

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