Make a literary translation of the following passage into Ukrainian

Arthropods make up a phylum of invertebrates that includes insects, such as ants, beetles, and butterflies; crustaceans, such as lobsters, shrimps, and crabs; and arachnids, including scorpions, spiders, and ticks. In terms of sheer numbers and the variety of niches they fill, arthropods are the most successful animals on Earth. More than one million arthropod species have been identified — more than 20 times the number of known fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal species combined. This figure is considered a low estimate of the phylum's actual size because many arthropod species have yet to be discovered and documented. Some scientists suggest the number of arthropod species in tropical forests alone may approach six million to nine million.

Arthropods have adapted to life on land, at sea, and in the air. They occupy an array of habitats, from scorching deserts and scalding hot springs to snow-capped mountains and frigid fjords. As plant pollinators, nutrient recyclers, and prey for other animals, they are essential members of the web of life. If all arthropods suddenly were to perish, thousands of animals and plants that depend on their services soon would vanish as well.

Many arthropods, including shrimp, lobsters, and crabs, are harvested as food for people throughout the world. Other arthropods provide the ingredients for fabric dyes, wood preservatives, and medicines. Members of one arthropod class in particular — insects — can be formidable pests, devouring crops, destroying wood structures, and spreading malaria and other life-threatening disease.

Lesson 4

PHYLUM CHORDATA

PRE-READING TASKS

I. Answer the following questions

· What makes representatives of the phylum chordata different from other animals?

· Do you know the origin and the meaning of the word “chordata”?

· How many classes of vertebrates do you know?

II. Listen to the following words and practice their pronunciation

Abdominal organ, amphibian, caecilian, capillary, cartilaginous fish, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, cerebral hemisphere, chambered heart, chimera, diaphragm, eel, horn, jawless fish, keratin scales, lamprey, larva, mammal, nerve cord, notochord, reptile, salamander, salmon, sensory apparatus, squamate, sternum, sturgeon, swim bladder, tadpole, tuatara, turtle, ventricle.

READING COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

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III. Translate the sentences below into English using the infinitive or infinitive constructions	\|	I. Match each word on the left to its correct definition on the right

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