III. Use a proper phrasal verb from the previous exercise to complete each of the following sentences

1. Molecular biology, which studies the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena at the molecular level, __________ several disciplines and has become one of the most important biological sciences.

2. Biochemists have probed the biological interactions of the organic molecules that __________ life on our planet.

3. Organisms such as fungi and bacteria __________ dead or dying matter into nutrients that can be used again.

4. A French naturalist Georges Cuvier utilized large collections of biological specimens sent to him from all over the world to __________ a systematic organization of the animal kingdom.

5. A valuable method useful in tracing the movement of substances in living matter is radioautography: when radioactive nutrients, which can be incorporated into cells, are injected into animals, they __________ detectable rays by which their presence and location can be determined.

6. The formation of the cell theory — all plants and animals are made up of cells — marked a great conceptual advance in biology, and it resulted in renewed attention to the living processes that __________ in cells.

7. Avicenna was an outstanding Persian scientist around the beginning of the 11th century. He was the true successor to Aristotle. His writings on medicine and drugs did much to __________ the works of Aristotle __________ to Europe, where they were translated into Latin from Arabic.

8. Most mutations, however, __________ to be deleterious and often lead to some impairment or to death of the organism.

9. The life cycle of slime molds, or humans, or any other multicellular organism, __________ a fundamental and still largely unsolved problem.

10. Protein molecules range from the long, insoluble fibers that make up connective tissue and hair to the compact, soluble globules that can pass through cell membranes and __________ metabolic reactions.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

I. You are going to hear a text about the well-known disease cholera and the agent causing it. Before listening discuss the meaning of the words in the box below with your classmates or teacher

cramps vomiting watery diarrhea to deplete mild symptoms lethal infection genetic stowaway immune response

circulatory shock to devastate to contaminate water supply to harbor a viral infection bacteriophage to acquire virulence to set on the right track

small intestine chloride ions sodium ions to leak out life-threatening to bear a gene route to reveal

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VIII. Use the words from the previous exercise to fill in the blanks in the sentences below	\|	II. Listen to the first fragment of the text and tick the items below that are mentioned in it

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