II. Listen to the first fragment of the text and tick the items below that are mentioned in it
· Symptoms of the disease;
· Statistics on the number of people suffering from cholera worldwide;
· Regions covered by epidemics of the disease;
· The pathogene;
· The course of infection;
· Development of cholera vaccines;
· Prevention of the disease.
III. Listen again and note down as much information on the items you’ve ticked as possible
IV. Listen to the second part of the text and choose all possible continuations for the sentences below
2. Cholera vaccines have never worked well …
a) because there are many strains of the bacterium;
b) because Vibrio Cholerae is not the pathogene itself;
c) because of frequent genetic mutations in the pathogene.
3. A vaccine is …
a) a mutated pathogene; b) a disabled virus; c) a weak pathogene.
4. Using electron microscope researchers have found …
a) a gene responsible for the production of cholera toxin;
b) a phage inserted into the bacterial cell;
c) that some bacteria Vibrio Cholerae lack pili.
5. The phage penetrates into Vibrio Cholerae …
a) trough pili;
b) across the plasma membrane;
c) by pricking the cell wall.
6. Bacterial cell without pili …
a) can never cause cholera in humans;
b) usually cause the disease;
c) do not produce cholera toxin.
WRITING
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