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LECTURE THE SYLLABIC STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH

1 What is a syllable?

2 What types of syllables do you know?

3 Do you know about syllabic and non- syllabic phonemes?

4 What are the functions of the syllable?

There are different points of view on syllable formation.

1. The most ancient theory states that there are as many syllables in a^٨ word as there are vowels. This theory is primitive and insufficient since it does not take into consideration consonants which also can form syllables in some languages, neither does it explain the boundary of syllables.

The expiratory or chest-pulse, or pressure theory states that there are as many syllables in a word as there are expiration pulses. The borderline between the syllables is. according to this theory, the moment of the weakest expiration. This theory is inconsistent because it is quite possible to pronounce several syllables in one articulatory effort or expiration, e.g. seeing.

The sonority (prominence) theory states that there are as many syllables in a word as there are peaks of prominence or sonority.

0. Jespersen established the scale of sonority of sounds, that is, the scale of their inherent prominence. According to this scale the most sonorous are back vowels (low, mid, high), then go semi-vowels and sonorants, then- voiced and voiceless consonants.

The sonority theory helps to establish the number of syllables in a word, but fails to explain the mechanism of syllable division because it does not state to which syllable the weak sound at the boundary of two syllables belongs.

4. The "arc of loudness" or "arc of articulatory tension" theory is based
on I..V.Shcherba's statement that the centre of a syllable is the syllable
forming phoneme. Sounds which precede or follow it constitute a chain, or
an arc, which is weak in the beginning and in the and strong in the middle.

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