IV. Grammar Review: Modal verbs: present and future.
A. State whether the modal verbs in the sentences below express certainty, probability or possibility. Translate the sentences into Russian:
1. If you hurry up, we could be there by 4 o’clock.
2. That won’t be a postman at the door, he has been already.
3. She might change his mind, if you insist.
4. Tom looks so exhausted, he must have a very difficult job.
5. Diana can’t be at the office, it’s after 6 o’clock.
6. You shouldn’t have a problem in passing this exam, it’s your best subject.
7. We may not have enough money to go abroad for a holiday this year.
8. It might rain. Take your umbrella.
9. You could be right, but I doubt it.
10. Is that the phone? It’ll be Ken. He said he’d ring around now.
B. Translate into Russian paying attention to the modal verbs:
1. Developing countries can grow quickly by investing heavily in new plant and equipment.
2. But rich nations have already built up big capital stocks. If they are to sustain growth in the years ahead, they must be economic pioneers, pushing out the technological frontier through advances in knowledge.
3. Rocket scientists may be thin on the ground in traditional R£D but investment banks are keen to recruit them to dream up sophisticated financial products.
4. The vitality of these knowledge-based businesses suggests that Britain's performance might look better if innovation were measured more broadly.
5. Britain's poor record in basic schooling should puncture any premature celebration.
6. A well-educated and highly skilled workforce can be vital in adopting new technologies and innovative practices.
7. At present software is the main intangible counted as investment. The others are treated as if they are used up, like electricity, in production. Including them all as investment could boost business output by 13%.
8. It is hard to see how Britain can score top marks as a knowledge-based economy as long as so many of its youngsters fail to make the grade.